Piątek, 03 - Wrzesień - 2010 rok
Historical sights of the Poviat of Lidzbark
Lidzbark Warmiński
The castle of Warmia Bishops - one of the most magnificent Gothic buildings in Poland. In 1963 it was acknowledged a monument of history and listed in the register of class "O" relics of the past. The main architectural structure, formed in a square of 48,5 m side length, consists of four wings enclosing a courtyard, which is surrounded by two-storey cloisters. They are the only so well-preserved ones in Poland. In the years 1350-1795 the castle had a residential function, being the home of Warmia Bishops. Currently, it accommodates a museum and is a tourist destination for both Poles and foreigners. The Feasts of Humour and Satire - the oldest cabaret contest - are held annually to commemorate Bishop Ignacy Krasicki's (the Prince of Poets) 30-year stay in town.
St Peter and Paul's Church - Gothic parish church erected in the second half of the 14th cent. with a magnificent tower from the 15th cent. In the aisles - star vaults from the end of the 15th cent. The main altar - Neo-Gothic. The side altars - late Renaissance and baroque. Also paintings, tombstone plates, epitaphs from 17th and 18th cent. In the church yard - baroque belfry and two 18th cent stone statues. In the neighbourhood - presbytery, vicarage and St.Catherine's convent buildings ( around 18th cent.).
The High Gate - late Gohtic, with two bastions, built in 1352. The largest building of this type in Warmia. Very modern military structure of its times, served gunfire defence and fight purposes. Played an important role in the siege of 1530, being heavily fired. To commemorate the events, stone cannon balls were placed in the walls.
The Orthodox Church - wooden building in the vicinity of the High Gate. Built by evangelic community in the years 1821 - 23, late-classicist basilica with two towers in the eastern side. Since 1945 has functioned as Orthodox Church.
Summer Palace - orangery, situated in what used to be a bishops' garden - in the south-western part of the town of Lidzbark Warmiński.
Ignalin - a village with a baroque parish church built in the years 1783-85 where a church from the second half of the 16th cent. stood. Interesting fence around the church graveyard - the turn of the 19th and 20th cent, Neo-classicist presbytery ( mid-19th cent.). Near the village, on 10 June 1807, the Napoleon Army fought a battle against the Rssian - Prussian Coalition forces. 2 km south-west of the village, on the Windmill ( or Napoleon ) Hill one can see the remains of entrenchment.
Runowo - a village with a Gothic church built at the end of the 14th cent. or the beginning of the 15th cent. The church was burnt in 1845 and a new one was erected between 1845 and 1852. Rococo altar (1772) preserved, late-classicist side altars, choir ( mid-19th cent.), granite font.
The Holy Cross Church - built on the initiative of Bishop Załuski in 1709 as a votive offering to avert the plague. Completed in 1789, replaced the chapel that used to stand on the site. Consecrated by Bishop Krasicki. Spacious and well-lit interior.
Rogóż - a village with a Gothic church of St Barbara built in 14th cent. Hall type building with a large western tower added in the second half of the 14th cent., the vestibule and vestry - probably the original ones. The tower was heightened in 1792. The interior - renovated twice in the 18th cent. The second renovation added stucco tondi with busts of Jesus Christ, Mother Mary, and the 12 Apostols placed on all the walls between the windows - the author, probably, was Christopher Pervanger. The main altar - made in Bernard Schmidt's workshop.
Orneta
St John the Baptist's Church - Gothic, built in the second half of the 14th cent., consecrated in 1379. In many ways it is an exceptional monument of the past. It is a short basilica without a choir (unusual in this area) from the outside resembling a hall church. The construction began in the times of Bishop Herman and was completed, when the aisles were covered with vaults, by the year 1379. Since the end of the 14th cent. the aisles were extended by additional chapels - of the same height, opening into the church. The whole church was then enclosed in the shape of a rectangle. Over the elevations, side gables and attics were added to cover the roofs of the particular parts. In the last period of construction, before the second consecration in 1494, the star vault of the main aisle was created. It is similar to the ones in the churches of Bartoszyce, Braniewo and Reszel. The exterior walls are decorated with wide, ceramic, richly ornamented strips. Nowhere else is to be found such a variety of motifs. Inside, Gothic paintings were preserved. Some of them were repainted during restoration in the years 1905-1906.
Krosno - the Sanctuary of Our Lady's Visitation was modelled upon Święta Lipka. The worship of Mary in Krosno is connected with an event that occured at the end of the 14th cent. - a figure of Mother Mary was found in the river. In 1709 the building of pilgrims'destination was begun. The founder was Bishop Teodor Potocki. In the years 1710 - 1714 the river-bed was changed and the main altar was placed exactly where the figure had been found. The finishing works lasted until 1759. The church is surrounded by cloisters with four corner chapels and the priests' house. Inside, of notable interest are the main altar (1724 ) with a replica of the Mother Mary figure, the original one being missing in 1945, a 1725 late baroque pulpit with silver ornaments, a carved choir of 1729.
Bogatyńskie - late baroque palace with a mansard roof, built in 1772 for Stanisław Rutkowski. On the eastern façade - the owner's coat of arms. The south wing - built at the end of the 19th cent. Of the former farm buildings, the outbuilding and the grainery from the turn of the 18th and 19th cent. are preserved. One should also notice the old park and cemetery chapel.
Chwalęcin - in 1570 , a shrine for the Black Crusifix dug out by the Wałsza River was built. In the middle of the 18th cent. another shrine was erected. The pilgrims' destination with the Holy Cross Church were founded by the Warmia Chapter and built by Jan Krzysztof Reimers from Orneta between 1720 and 1728. The church is surrounded by a fair ground, added in 1936.
Henrykowo - St Catherine's Church - a hall type parish church with a Gothic vestry and vestibule. Erected at the end of the 14th cent., often destroyed (among others - during the Famine War in 1414 and the 13-Year War). Little has been left of the original due to the consequent rebuilding.
Kiwity
St Paul and Peter's Parish Church - it probably functioned in 1325. Hall type church with a vestry, a vestibule and a tower. Fine masonery to be admired in the aisle erected in the late 14th cent. The walls - divided by regularly placed tall ogival blank windows. Interesting architectural decoration of the tower, vestry and vestibule. In the main altar - a late-Gothic figure of Mother Mary with the Infant. The late-baroque pulpit - probably made in the Braniewo workshop of Jan Frey around 1740. The tower dates back to the 14th cent., extended in the 15th cent.
St.Mary's Sanctuary in Stoczek Klasztorny - built in 17th cent. First, there was a forest shrine of Holy Mother dating from 1622. In the years 1639-41 the church was founded by the Bishop of Warmia. In 1645 the Sanctuary was settled by Bernardines. They received the monastery from Bishop Jan Stefan Wydżga. It was extended in the years 1716-17, and the church was surrounded with cloisters with four late-baroque chapels between 1708 and 1711. The vestry and the tower date back to this period as well.
One should know that the church and the monastery complex was the first baroque rotunda in Warmia. The main altar was made in 1713 and the painting is a copy of the one in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. It was brought here in 1643. Also worth noticing are the two side altars (baroque - 1677 and 1678), the splendid pulpit of wrought iron (1738), the choir (1730 ) and the organs founded in 1695 and altered in 1745.
Outside the church, are the figures of Virgin Mary and St. Joseph. The garden, the wall encircling the yard, the baroque wooden Stations of the Rosary founded by Bishop Grabowski in mid-18th cent. and a few wayside shrines are also interesting.
Stoczek Klasztorny will always be associated with an eminent figure in Polish Catholic Church. In the years 1953 - 54 it was a seclusion place for Primate of Poland Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński. One of the monastery cells is now a museum dedicated to the Primate.
Since 1957 Marist Priests have been in charge of the Sanctuary.
Lubomino
St Catherine's Gothic Church - built between 1340 and 1370. The tower was heightened around 1480. Its upper octagonal floor is modelled on the tower of the parish Church in Orneta. In 1807 the church was destroyed by fire. The main aisle was rebuilt and the baroque (late 18th cent.) altars from a Jesuit church in Braniewo, partly changed in 1816 and placed in St Catherine's church. In the treasury, a mannierist monstrance from Piotraszewo is kept.
Source of information:
"A Guidebook to Art Relics of the Former East Prussia ", Andrzej Rzempołuch
Translation: M. Wyczólkowska
Ul. Wyszyńskiego 37
11-100 Lidzbark Warmiński
Telefon: (089) 767 79 00
Faks: (089) 767 79 03
E-mail: Starosta
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